Overview
A civil suit in Uganda is commenced by filing a plaint in the appropriate court. The Civil Procedure Act (Cap 71) and the Civil Procedure Rules govern the procedure.
Step 1: Determine the Appropriate Court
Jurisdiction depends on the subject matter and value of the claim:
- Magistrates Court Grade II: Claims up to UGX 2,000,000
- Magistrates Court Grade I: Claims up to UGX 50,000,000
- Chief Magistrates Court: Claims up to UGX 200,000,000
- High Court: Claims exceeding UGX 200,000,000 or specialized matters
Step 2: Draft the Plaint
The plaint must contain:
- The name and address of the plaintiff and defendant
- A clear statement of facts constituting the cause of action
- The relief or remedy sought
- The value of the claim
- Verification by the plaintiff
Step 3: Pay Court Fees
Court fees are calculated based on the value of the claim. File the plaint together with the court fee receipt.
Step 4: Service of Summons
After filing, the court issues summons to the defendant. Service must be:
- Personal service on the defendant
- Substituted service (if personal service fails)
- Service by publication (as a last resort, with court leave)
Step 5: Filing of Defence
The defendant has 15 days (Magistrates Court) or 30 days (High Court) to file a written statement of defence.
Step 6: Case Management and Trial
- Pre-trial scheduling conference
- Disclosure of documents
- Trial with examination and cross-examination of witnesses
- Judgment and decree
Important Notes
- Limitation periods apply — most civil claims must be brought within 6 years
- Alternative dispute resolution may be ordered by the court before trial
